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from __future__ import absolute_import
import datetime
import logging
import os
import re
import socket
import warnings
from socket import error as SocketError
from socket import timeout as SocketTimeout
from .packages import six
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPConnection as _HTTPConnection
from .packages.six.moves.http_client import HTTPException # noqa: F401
from .util.proxy import create_proxy_ssl_context
try: # Compiled with SSL?
import ssl
BaseSSLError = ssl.SSLError
except (ImportError, AttributeError): # Platform-specific: No SSL.
ssl = None
class BaseSSLError(BaseException):
pass
try:
# Python 3: not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
ConnectionError = ConnectionError
except NameError:
# Python 2
class ConnectionError(Exception):
pass
try: # Python 3:
# Not a no-op, we're adding this to the namespace so it can be imported.
BrokenPipeError = BrokenPipeError
except NameError: # Python 2:
class BrokenPipeError(Exception):
pass
from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict # noqa (historical, removed in v2)
from ._version import __version__
from .exceptions import (
ConnectTimeoutError,
NewConnectionError,
SubjectAltNameWarning,
SystemTimeWarning,
)
from .util import SKIP_HEADER, SKIPPABLE_HEADERS, connection
from .util.ssl_ import (
assert_fingerprint,
create_urllib3_context,
is_ipaddress,
resolve_cert_reqs,
resolve_ssl_version,
ssl_wrap_socket,
)
from .util.ssl_match_hostname import CertificateError, match_hostname
log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
port_by_scheme = {"http": 80, "https": 443}
# When it comes time to update this value as a part of regular maintenance
# (ie test_recent_date is failing) update it to ~6 months before the current date.
RECENT_DATE = datetime.date(2024, 1, 1)
_CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE = re.compile(r"[^-!#$%&'*+.^_`|~0-9a-zA-Z]")
class HTTPConnection(_HTTPConnection, object):
"""
Based on :class:`http.client.HTTPConnection` but provides an extra constructor
backwards-compatibility layer between older and newer Pythons.
Additional keyword parameters are used to configure attributes of the connection.
Accepted parameters include:
- ``strict``: See the documentation on :class:`urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool`
- ``source_address``: Set the source address for the current connection.
- ``socket_options``: Set specific options on the underlying socket. If not specified, then
defaults are loaded from ``HTTPConnection.default_socket_options`` which includes disabling
Nagle's algorithm (sets TCP_NODELAY to 1) unless the connection is behind a proxy.
For example, if you wish to enable TCP Keep Alive in addition to the defaults,
you might pass:
.. code-block:: python
HTTPConnection.default_socket_options + [
(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1),
]
Or you may want to disable the defaults by passing an empty list (e.g., ``[]``).
"""
default_port = port_by_scheme["http"]
#: Disable Nagle's algorithm by default.
#: ``[(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]``
default_socket_options = [(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)]
#: Whether this connection verifies the host's certificate.
is_verified = False
#: Whether this proxy connection (if used) verifies the proxy host's
#: certificate.
proxy_is_verified = None
def __init__(self, *args, **kw):
if not six.PY2:
kw.pop("strict", None)
# Pre-set source_address.
self.source_address = kw.get("source_address")
#: The socket options provided by the user. If no options are
#: provided, we use the default options.
self.socket_options = kw.pop("socket_options", self.default_socket_options)
# Proxy options provided by the user.
self.proxy = kw.pop("proxy", None)
self.proxy_config = kw.pop("proxy_config", None)
_HTTPConnection.__init__(self, *args, **kw)
@property
def host(self):
"""
Getter method to remove any trailing dots that indicate the hostname is an FQDN.
In general, SSL certificates don't include the trailing dot indicating a
fully-qualified domain name, and thus, they don't validate properly when
checked against a domain name that includes the dot. In addition, some
servers may not expect to receive the trailing dot when provided.
However, the hostname with trailing dot is critical to DNS resolution; doing a
lookup with the trailing dot will properly only resolve the appropriate FQDN,
whereas a lookup without a trailing dot will search the system's search domain
list. Thus, it's important to keep the original host around for use only in
those cases where it's appropriate (i.e., when doing DNS lookup to establish the
actual TCP connection across which we're going to send HTTP requests).
"""
return self._dns_host.rstrip(".")
@host.setter
def host(self, value):
"""
Setter for the `host` property.
We assume that only urllib3 uses the _dns_host attribute; httplib itself
only uses `host`, and it seems reasonable that other libraries follow suit.
"""
self._dns_host = value
def _new_conn(self):
"""Establish a socket connection and set nodelay settings on it.
:return: New socket connection.
"""
extra_kw = {}
if self.source_address:
extra_kw["source_address"] = self.source_address
if self.socket_options:
extra_kw["socket_options"] = self.socket_options
try:
conn = connection.create_connection(
(self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
)
except SocketTimeout:
raise ConnectTimeoutError(
self,
"Connection to %s timed out. (connect timeout=%s)"
% (self.host, self.timeout),
)
except SocketError as e:
raise NewConnectionError(
self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
)
return conn
def _is_using_tunnel(self):
# Google App Engine's httplib does not define _tunnel_host
return getattr(self, "_tunnel_host", None)
def _prepare_conn(self, conn):
self.sock = conn
if self._is_using_tunnel():
# TODO: Fix tunnel so it doesn't depend on self.sock state.
self._tunnel()
# Mark this connection as not reusable
self.auto_open = 0
def connect(self):
conn = self._new_conn()
self._prepare_conn(conn)
def putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs):
""" """
# Empty docstring because the indentation of CPython's implementation
# is broken but we don't want this method in our documentation.
match = _CONTAINS_CONTROL_CHAR_RE.search(method)
if match:
raise ValueError(
"Method cannot contain non-token characters %r (found at least %r)"
% (method, match.group())
)
return _HTTPConnection.putrequest(self, method, url, *args, **kwargs)
def putheader(self, header, *values):
""" """
if not any(isinstance(v, str) and v == SKIP_HEADER for v in values):
_HTTPConnection.putheader(self, header, *values)
elif six.ensure_str(header.lower()) not in SKIPPABLE_HEADERS:
raise ValueError(
"urllib3.util.SKIP_HEADER only supports '%s'"
% ("', '".join(map(str.title, sorted(SKIPPABLE_HEADERS))),)
)
def request(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
# Update the inner socket's timeout value to send the request.
# This only triggers if the connection is re-used.
if getattr(self, "sock", None) is not None:
self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
if headers is None:
headers = {}
else:
# Avoid modifying the headers passed into .request()
headers = headers.copy()
if "user-agent" not in (six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers):
headers["User-Agent"] = _get_default_user_agent()
super(HTTPConnection, self).request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers)
def request_chunked(self, method, url, body=None, headers=None):
"""
Alternative to the common request method, which sends the
body with chunked encoding and not as one block
"""
headers = headers or {}
header_keys = set([six.ensure_str(k.lower()) for k in headers])
skip_accept_encoding = "accept-encoding" in header_keys
skip_host = "host" in header_keys
self.putrequest(
method, url, skip_accept_encoding=skip_accept_encoding, skip_host=skip_host
)
if "user-agent" not in header_keys:
self.putheader("User-Agent", _get_default_user_agent())
for header, value in headers.items():
self.putheader(header, value)
if "transfer-encoding" not in header_keys:
self.putheader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked")
self.endheaders()
if body is not None:
stringish_types = six.string_types + (bytes,)
if isinstance(body, stringish_types):
body = (body,)
for chunk in body:
if not chunk:
continue
if not isinstance(chunk, bytes):
chunk = chunk.encode("utf8")
len_str = hex(len(chunk))[2:]
to_send = bytearray(len_str.encode())
to_send += b"\r\n"
to_send += chunk
to_send += b"\r\n"
self.send(to_send)
# After the if clause, to always have a closed body
self.send(b"0\r\n\r\n")
class HTTPSConnection(HTTPConnection):
"""
Many of the parameters to this constructor are passed to the underlying SSL
socket by means of :py:func:`urllib3.util.ssl_wrap_socket`.
"""
default_port = port_by_scheme["https"]
cert_reqs = None
ca_certs = None
ca_cert_dir = None
ca_cert_data = None
ssl_version = None
assert_fingerprint = None
tls_in_tls_required = False
def __init__(
self,
host,
port=None,
key_file=None,
cert_file=None,
key_password=None,
strict=None,
timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
ssl_context=None,
server_hostname=None,
**kw
):
HTTPConnection.__init__(self, host, port, strict=strict, timeout=timeout, **kw)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.key_password = key_password
self.ssl_context = ssl_context
self.server_hostname = server_hostname
# Required property for Google AppEngine 1.9.0 which otherwise causes
# HTTPS requests to go out as HTTP. (See Issue #356)
self._protocol = "https"
def set_cert(
self,
key_file=None,
cert_file=None,
cert_reqs=None,
key_password=None,
ca_certs=None,
assert_hostname=None,
assert_fingerprint=None,
ca_cert_dir=None,
ca_cert_data=None,
):
"""
This method should only be called once, before the connection is used.
"""
# If cert_reqs is not provided we'll assume CERT_REQUIRED unless we also
# have an SSLContext object in which case we'll use its verify_mode.
if cert_reqs is None:
if self.ssl_context is not None:
cert_reqs = self.ssl_context.verify_mode
else:
cert_reqs = resolve_cert_reqs(None)
self.key_file = key_file
self.cert_file = cert_file
self.cert_reqs = cert_reqs
self.key_password = key_password
self.assert_hostname = assert_hostname
self.assert_fingerprint = assert_fingerprint
self.ca_certs = ca_certs and os.path.expanduser(ca_certs)
self.ca_cert_dir = ca_cert_dir and os.path.expanduser(ca_cert_dir)
self.ca_cert_data = ca_cert_data
def connect(self):
# Add certificate verification
self.sock = conn = self._new_conn()
hostname = self.host
tls_in_tls = False
if self._is_using_tunnel():
if self.tls_in_tls_required:
self.sock = conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
tls_in_tls = True
# Calls self._set_hostport(), so self.host is
# self._tunnel_host below.
self._tunnel()
# Mark this connection as not reusable
self.auto_open = 0
# Override the host with the one we're requesting data from.
hostname = self._tunnel_host
server_hostname = hostname
if self.server_hostname is not None:
server_hostname = self.server_hostname
is_time_off = datetime.date.today() < RECENT_DATE
if is_time_off:
warnings.warn(
(
"System time is way off (before {0}). This will probably "
"lead to SSL verification errors"
).format(RECENT_DATE),
SystemTimeWarning,
)
# Wrap socket using verification with the root certs in
# trusted_root_certs
default_ssl_context = False
if self.ssl_context is None:
default_ssl_context = True
self.ssl_context = create_urllib3_context(
ssl_version=resolve_ssl_version(self.ssl_version),
cert_reqs=resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs),
)
context = self.ssl_context
context.verify_mode = resolve_cert_reqs(self.cert_reqs)
# Try to load OS default certs if none are given.
# Works well on Windows (requires Python3.4+)
if (
not self.ca_certs
and not self.ca_cert_dir
and not self.ca_cert_data
and default_ssl_context
and hasattr(context, "load_default_certs")
):
context.load_default_certs()
self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
sock=conn,
keyfile=self.key_file,
certfile=self.cert_file,
key_password=self.key_password,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
server_hostname=server_hostname,
ssl_context=context,
tls_in_tls=tls_in_tls,
)
# If we're using all defaults and the connection
# is TLSv1 or TLSv1.1 we throw a DeprecationWarning
# for the host.
if (
default_ssl_context
and self.ssl_version is None
and hasattr(self.sock, "version")
and self.sock.version() in {"TLSv1", "TLSv1.1"}
): # Defensive:
warnings.warn(
"Negotiating TLSv1/TLSv1.1 by default is deprecated "
"and will be disabled in urllib3 v2.0.0. Connecting to "
"'%s' with '%s' can be enabled by explicitly opting-in "
"with 'ssl_version'" % (self.host, self.sock.version()),
DeprecationWarning,
)
if self.assert_fingerprint:
assert_fingerprint(
self.sock.getpeercert(binary_form=True), self.assert_fingerprint
)
elif (
context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE
and not getattr(context, "check_hostname", False)
and self.assert_hostname is not False
):
# While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
# the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
# the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
cert = self.sock.getpeercert()
if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
warnings.warn(
(
"Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
"`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
"deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
"for details.)".format(hostname)
),
SubjectAltNameWarning,
)
_match_hostname(cert, self.assert_hostname or server_hostname)
self.is_verified = (
context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
or self.assert_fingerprint is not None
)
def _connect_tls_proxy(self, hostname, conn):
"""
Establish a TLS connection to the proxy using the provided SSL context.
"""
proxy_config = self.proxy_config
ssl_context = proxy_config.ssl_context
if ssl_context:
# If the user provided a proxy context, we assume CA and client
# certificates have already been set
return ssl_wrap_socket(
sock=conn,
server_hostname=hostname,
ssl_context=ssl_context,
)
ssl_context = create_proxy_ssl_context(
self.ssl_version,
self.cert_reqs,
self.ca_certs,
self.ca_cert_dir,
self.ca_cert_data,
)
# If no cert was provided, use only the default options for server
# certificate validation
socket = ssl_wrap_socket(
sock=conn,
ca_certs=self.ca_certs,
ca_cert_dir=self.ca_cert_dir,
ca_cert_data=self.ca_cert_data,
server_hostname=hostname,
ssl_context=ssl_context,
)
if ssl_context.verify_mode != ssl.CERT_NONE and not getattr(
ssl_context, "check_hostname", False
):
# While urllib3 attempts to always turn off hostname matching from
# the TLS library, this cannot always be done. So we check whether
# the TLS Library still thinks it's matching hostnames.
cert = socket.getpeercert()
if not cert.get("subjectAltName", ()):
warnings.warn(
(
"Certificate for {0} has no `subjectAltName`, falling back to check for a "
"`commonName` for now. This feature is being removed by major browsers and "
"deprecated by RFC 2818. (See https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/497 "
"for details.)".format(hostname)
),
SubjectAltNameWarning,
)
_match_hostname(cert, hostname)
self.proxy_is_verified = ssl_context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
return socket
def _match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname):
# Our upstream implementation of ssl.match_hostname()
# only applies this normalization to IP addresses so it doesn't
# match DNS SANs so we do the same thing!
stripped_hostname = asserted_hostname.strip("u[]")
if is_ipaddress(stripped_hostname):
asserted_hostname = stripped_hostname
try:
match_hostname(cert, asserted_hostname)
except CertificateError as e:
log.warning(
"Certificate did not match expected hostname: %s. Certificate: %s",
asserted_hostname,
cert,
)
# Add cert to exception and reraise so client code can inspect
# the cert when catching the exception, if they want to
e._peer_cert = cert
raise
def _get_default_user_agent():
return "python-urllib3/%s" % __version__
class DummyConnection(object):
"""Used to detect a failed ConnectionCls import."""
pass
if not ssl:
HTTPSConnection = DummyConnection # noqa: F811
VerifiedHTTPSConnection = HTTPSConnection
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