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import functoolsimport logging
 
 from pip._vendor import six
 from pip._vendor.packaging.utils import canonicalize_name
 from pip._vendor.resolvelib import BaseReporter, ResolutionImpossible
 from pip._vendor.resolvelib import Resolver as RLResolver
 
 from pip._internal.exceptions import InstallationError
 from pip._internal.req.req_install import check_invalid_constraint_type
 from pip._internal.req.req_set import RequirementSet
 from pip._internal.resolution.base import BaseResolver
 from pip._internal.resolution.resolvelib.provider import PipProvider
 from pip._internal.utils.misc import dist_is_editable
 from pip._internal.utils.typing import MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING
 
 from .base import Constraint
 from .factory import Factory
 
 if MYPY_CHECK_RUNNING:
 from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
 
 from pip._vendor.resolvelib.resolvers import Result
 from pip._vendor.resolvelib.structs import Graph
 
 from pip._internal.cache import WheelCache
 from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
 from pip._internal.operations.prepare import RequirementPreparer
 from pip._internal.req.req_install import InstallRequirement
 from pip._internal.resolution.base import InstallRequirementProvider
 
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 class Resolver(BaseResolver):
 _allowed_strategies = {"eager", "only-if-needed", "to-satisfy-only"}
 
 def __init__(
 self,
 preparer,  # type: RequirementPreparer
 finder,  # type: PackageFinder
 wheel_cache,  # type: Optional[WheelCache]
 make_install_req,  # type: InstallRequirementProvider
 use_user_site,  # type: bool
 ignore_dependencies,  # type: bool
 ignore_installed,  # type: bool
 ignore_requires_python,  # type: bool
 force_reinstall,  # type: bool
 upgrade_strategy,  # type: str
 py_version_info=None,  # type: Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]
 lazy_wheel=False,  # type: bool
 ):
 super(Resolver, self).__init__()
 if lazy_wheel:
 logger.warning(
 'pip is using lazily downloaded wheels using HTTP '
 'range requests to obtain dependency information. '
 'This experimental feature is enabled through '
 '--use-feature=fast-deps and it is not ready for production.'
 )
 
 assert upgrade_strategy in self._allowed_strategies
 
 self.factory = Factory(
 finder=finder,
 preparer=preparer,
 make_install_req=make_install_req,
 wheel_cache=wheel_cache,
 use_user_site=use_user_site,
 force_reinstall=force_reinstall,
 ignore_installed=ignore_installed,
 ignore_requires_python=ignore_requires_python,
 py_version_info=py_version_info,
 lazy_wheel=lazy_wheel,
 )
 self.ignore_dependencies = ignore_dependencies
 self.upgrade_strategy = upgrade_strategy
 self._result = None  # type: Optional[Result]
 
 def resolve(self, root_reqs, check_supported_wheels):
 # type: (List[InstallRequirement], bool) -> RequirementSet
 
 constraints = {}  # type: Dict[str, Constraint]
 user_requested = set()  # type: Set[str]
 requirements = []
 for req in root_reqs:
 if req.constraint:
 # Ensure we only accept valid constraints
 problem = check_invalid_constraint_type(req)
 if problem:
 raise InstallationError(problem)
 if not req.match_markers():
 continue
 name = canonicalize_name(req.name)
 if name in constraints:
 constraints[name] &= req
 else:
 constraints[name] = Constraint.from_ireq(req)
 else:
 if req.user_supplied and req.name:
 user_requested.add(canonicalize_name(req.name))
 r = self.factory.make_requirement_from_install_req(
 req, requested_extras=(),
 )
 if r is not None:
 requirements.append(r)
 
 provider = PipProvider(
 factory=self.factory,
 constraints=constraints,
 ignore_dependencies=self.ignore_dependencies,
 upgrade_strategy=self.upgrade_strategy,
 user_requested=user_requested,
 )
 reporter = BaseReporter()
 resolver = RLResolver(provider, reporter)
 
 try:
 try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deep = 2000000
 self._result = resolver.resolve(
 requirements, max_rounds=try_to_avoid_resolution_too_deep,
 )
 
 except ResolutionImpossible as e:
 error = self.factory.get_installation_error(e)
 six.raise_from(error, e)
 
 req_set = RequirementSet(check_supported_wheels=check_supported_wheels)
 for candidate in self._result.mapping.values():
 ireq = candidate.get_install_requirement()
 if ireq is None:
 continue
 
 # Check if there is already an installation under the same name,
 # and set a flag for later stages to uninstall it, if needed.
 # * There isn't, good -- no uninstalltion needed.
 # * The --force-reinstall flag is set. Always reinstall.
 # * The installation is different in version or editable-ness, so
 #   we need to uninstall it to install the new distribution.
 # * The installed version is the same as the pending distribution.
 #   Skip this distrubiton altogether to save work.
 installed_dist = self.factory.get_dist_to_uninstall(candidate)
 if installed_dist is None:
 ireq.should_reinstall = False
 elif self.factory.force_reinstall:
 ireq.should_reinstall = True
 elif installed_dist.parsed_version != candidate.version:
 ireq.should_reinstall = True
 elif dist_is_editable(installed_dist) != candidate.is_editable:
 ireq.should_reinstall = True
 else:
 continue
 
 link = candidate.source_link
 if link and link.is_yanked:
 # The reason can contain non-ASCII characters, Unicode
 # is required for Python 2.
 msg = (
 u'The candidate selected for download or install is a '
 u'yanked version: {name!r} candidate (version {version} '
 u'at {link})\nReason for being yanked: {reason}'
 ).format(
 name=candidate.name,
 version=candidate.version,
 link=link,
 reason=link.yanked_reason or u'<none given>',
 )
 logger.warning(msg)
 
 req_set.add_named_requirement(ireq)
 
 return req_set
 
 def get_installation_order(self, req_set):
 # type: (RequirementSet) -> List[InstallRequirement]
 """Get order for installation of requirements in RequirementSet.
 
 The returned list contains a requirement before another that depends on
 it. This helps ensure that the environment is kept consistent as they
 get installed one-by-one.
 
 The current implementation creates a topological ordering of the
 dependency graph, while breaking any cycles in the graph at arbitrary
 points. We make no guarantees about where the cycle would be broken,
 other than they would be broken.
 """
 assert self._result is not None, "must call resolve() first"
 
 graph = self._result.graph
 weights = get_topological_weights(graph)
 
 sorted_items = sorted(
 req_set.requirements.items(),
 key=functools.partial(_req_set_item_sorter, weights=weights),
 reverse=True,
 )
 return [ireq for _, ireq in sorted_items]
 
 
 def get_topological_weights(graph):
 # type: (Graph) -> Dict[Optional[str], int]
 """Assign weights to each node based on how "deep" they are.
 
 This implementation may change at any point in the future without prior
 notice.
 
 We take the length for the longest path to any node from root, ignoring any
 paths that contain a single node twice (i.e. cycles). This is done through
 a depth-first search through the graph, while keeping track of the path to
 the node.
 
 Cycles in the graph result would result in node being revisited while also
 being it's own path. In this case, take no action. This helps ensure we
 don't get stuck in a cycle.
 
 When assigning weight, the longer path (i.e. larger length) is preferred.
 """
 path = set()  # type: Set[Optional[str]]
 weights = {}  # type: Dict[Optional[str], int]
 
 def visit(node):
 # type: (Optional[str]) -> None
 if node in path:
 # We hit a cycle, so we'll break it here.
 return
 
 # Time to visit the children!
 path.add(node)
 for child in graph.iter_children(node):
 visit(child)
 path.remove(node)
 
 last_known_parent_count = weights.get(node, 0)
 weights[node] = max(last_known_parent_count, len(path))
 
 # `None` is guaranteed to be the root node by resolvelib.
 visit(None)
 
 # Sanity checks
 assert weights[None] == 0
 assert len(weights) == len(graph)
 
 return weights
 
 
 def _req_set_item_sorter(
 item,     # type: Tuple[str, InstallRequirement]
 weights,  # type: Dict[Optional[str], int]
 ):
 # type: (...) -> Tuple[int, str]
 """Key function used to sort install requirements for installation.
 
 Based on the "weight" mapping calculated in ``get_installation_order()``.
 The canonical package name is returned as the second member as a tie-
 breaker to ensure the result is predictable, which is useful in tests.
 """
 name = canonicalize_name(item[0])
 return weights[name], name
 
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